Hubungan Riwayat ASI Eksklusif dan Usia Pemberian Imunisasi BCG dengan Kejadian TBC pada Anak Tahun 2023

Association of Exclusive Breastfeeding History and Age at BCG Immunization with Childhood Tuberculosis in 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood tuberculosis remains difficult to prevent because exposure, nutritional vulnerability, and delayed specific protection may interact during early life. Objective: To determine the association of exclusive breastfeeding history and age at Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization with tuberculosis among children. Methods: An unmatched case-control design included 40 children with tuberculosis and 80 controls aged 0-14 years. Exposure histories were obtained from maternal interviews and child health records. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used. Results: Non-exclusive breastfeeding was more frequent among cases than controls (65.0% vs 31.3%) and was associated with tuberculosis after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.47; 95% CI 1.51-7.96). BCG immunization after 30 days of age or undocumented immunization was also associated with tuberculosis (aOR 3.86; 95% CI 1.67-8.92). Household contact with tuberculosis showed the strongest association (aOR 6.42; 95% CI 2.55-16.15). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding and timely BCG immunization were associated with lower odds of childhood tuberculosis, although contact investigation remained the principal prevention priority.