Hubungan Jarak, Durasi dan Posisi Penggunaan Smartphone dengan Kejadian Asthenopia

The Relationship Between Distance, Duration, and Position of Smartphone Use with the Incidence of Asthenopia

Abstract

Introduction: Prolonged smartphone use and non-ergonomic usage positions may increase the risk of asthenopia or eye fatigue. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smartphone viewing distance, duration, and usage position and the occurrence of asthenopia among regular undergraduate nursing students at Universitas Indonesia Maju in 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 185 respondents selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that smartphone viewing distance was not significantly associated with asthenopia (p=0.519), whereas smartphone use for >3 hours (p=0.009) and use in a lying position (p=0.006) were significantly associated with asthenopia. In conclusion, smartphone use duration and position were associated with asthenopia, while viewing distance showed no significant association.