Faktor Individu dan Riwayat Penyakit Kulit Sebagai Prediktor Dermatitis Kontak pada Nelayan

Individual Factors and History of Skin Disease as Predictors of Contact Dermatitis in Fishermen

Abstract

Introduction: Contact dermatitis is dermatitis caused by materials or substances that stick to the skin. This disease is one of the diseases that commonly occurs among workers with an increasingly high prevalence. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014 reported that 50-90% of all occupational skin diseases were related to chemicals or wet work. From epidemiological data on the situation of contact dermatitis in Indonesia, it shows that 97% of the 389 cases; 66,3% were due to irritants and 33,7% were due to allergies. This study aims to prove that age, history of skin disease and lack of personal hygiene are determinants of the occurrence of contact dermatitis in fishermen.

 Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The research population was 78 fishermen and were used as samples. Data was collected using a tested questionnaire. Next, the collected data was analyzed univariately and bivariately with the chi-square test at a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05).

 Results: The results of the bivariate analysis show the age variable with a p-value = 0,698; personal hygiene with p-value = 0,011; and history of skin disease with p-value = 0,001. Thus, it can be concluded that poor personal hygiene and a history of skin disease are predictors of the occurrence of contact dermatitis, while age is not a predictor of the occurrence of contact dermatitis in fishermen.

 Discussion: Poor personal hygiene and a history of skin disease are determinants of contact dermatitis in fishermen, while age is not a predictor of contact dermatitis in fishermen. Promotional efforts and individual health education are needed for fishermen groups because they are always in contact with irritants and are wet workers.