Peran Ekonomi pada Aspek Pengambilan Keputusan Konsumen terkait Pembayaran dalam Sistem BPJS: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur

The Role of Economics in Consumer Decision Making Regarding Payments in the BPJS System: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Health insurance plays a crucial role in managing health risks and financial losses, as well as reducing vulnerability to poverty. In Indonesia, the development of health insurance is carried out through a healthcare system that mandates contributions from those who can afford it and provides assistance to those who cannot. One of the introduced health insurance programs is the National Health Assurance (JKN) provided by BPJS. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on the role of economics in consumer decision making regarding payments within the BPJS system.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were used to select relevant studies on the research topic. Searches were conducted through the Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases using appropriate keywords. The selected studies meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated and their results were extracted for analysis.

Results: The study's selection process yielded five studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies revealed that factors such as health conditions, family and friends, knowledge, experience, gender, education, occupation, income, location, family size, understanding of health insurance, accessibility and quality of healthcare services, and administrative procedures influence membership and participation in the JKN program. Proposed recommendations include involving local or influential leaders, effective socialization, progressive premium adjustments, targeted subsidy strategies, convenient premium payment methods, and enhancing understanding of health insurance benefits.

Conclusion: The study concludes that membership and participation in the JKN program are influenced by various factors. Efforts involving local or influential leaders, effective socialization, progressive premium adjustments, targeted subsidy strategies, and convenient premium payment methods are needed to improve membership and participation rates. Additionally, the ability and willingness of informal sector workers to pay should also be considered. All these efforts aim to enhance Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and protect society comprehensively.